Sold exclusively by HIGH ALTITUDE ESSENTIALS TM (to receive a genuine product - make sure you are buying from our official store!!!) Alpha-Arbutin (4-Hydroxyphenyl-D-lucopyranoside) is a biosynthetic active ingredient that is pure, water-soluble and is manufactured in a powder form. As one of the most advanced skin lightening ingredients on the market, it has been shown to work effectively on all skin types. It is the epimer of arbutin, and research has proven that it has a stronger inhibitory action than that of (beta) arbutin. Though it is a very expensive ingredient to manufacture, even at very low concentrations, a-arbutin has shown to inhibit the activity of tyrosinase. Alpha Arbutin's inhibitory mechanism is different from that of arbutin and can be up to 10 times more effective. The a-glucosidic bond found in alpha Arbutin offers higher stability and efficancy than the B form found in the related Beta-Arbutin. This leads to a skin whitening active that acts faster and more efficiently than existing single components. Recommended Usage Rate: 0.2 - 2% (0.2% when formulated with an exfoliant or penetration enhancer, otherwise up to 2%). Appearance: White crystalline powder Solubility: Soluble in warm or cold water Stability: stable against hydrolysis as tested in the pH range from 3.5 - 6.6. Storage: Protected from light and humidity in a clean place at room temperature. Shelf Life: 2 years. Additional Details ------------------------------ Package quantity: 1